Investment12 min read

Investment Treaty Protections: Securing Your Assets

How bilateral investment treaties can provide a safety net for foreign direct investment.

By Aisha Juma
Sep 12, 2024

For international investors in emerging markets like Tanzania, the legal landscape is often defined by two parallel systems: the domestic judicial framework and the supranational network of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs).

How Treaty Protections Work

BITs are agreements between two sovereign states that establish the "rules of engagement" for investors from one state operating in another. Unlike standard commercial contracts, BITs provide a direct link between the private investor and the foreign government.

  • Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET)
  • Full Protection and Security (FPS)
  • Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) status
  • National Treatment

Key Investor Protection Mechanisms

The FET standard is the most frequently invoked protection. It requires host states to maintain a stable and predictable legal environment, preventing arbitrary or discriminatory regulatory changes that destroy the value of your investment.

The Path to International Recourse

Understanding how BIT protections activate when a dispute arises.

01

Investment Initiation

Capital enters the host state under BIT framework.

02

Host Action

Regulatory change or state interference occurs.

03

Negotiation Period

Required cooling-off phase for diplomatic resolution.

04

Notice of Dispute

Investor formally invokes treaty protections.

05

Arbitral Award

Binding decision from international tribunal (e.g., ICSID).

Expropriation & Fair Treatment

Direct expropriation (seizure of land or assets) is rare today. The modern threat is "indirect expropriation"—a series of regulatory measures that have an equivalent effect, rendering your business unviable.

"Treaties ensure that any state action resulting in the deprivation of value must be accompanied by prompt, adequate, and effective compensation."

Traditional
Direct Seizure
Regulatory
License Revocation
Fiscal
Tax Discrimination
Strategic
Market Exclusion

Enforcement Advantages

The ultimate power of BITs lies in enforcement. Unlike domestic court rulings, which can be difficult to enforce against the state, arbitral awards from tribunals like ICSID are enforceable in nearly every country worldwide under the New York Convention.

Global Reach

Enforceable in 160+ countries.

Bypassing Local Courts

Direct neutrality and expert tribunals.

Asset Security

Ability to seize host state assets globally.

Is Your Investment Secured?

G'Adroit Attorneys provides comprehensive treaty audits for institutional investors, ensuring your corporate structure is optimized to access the strongest possible international protections.

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